The collection is comprised of a large number of biographical and personal materials, materials related to Roughton's work in the Department of Colloid Science at Cambridge (with much of the material related to Roughton's retirement), a small amount of material documenting Roughton's publications, and a few pieces of Roughton's scientific correspondence. The principal deposit of Roughton papers is housed at the American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Undergraduate lecture notes on physiology and biochemistry and a diary of a tour of North America.

'Encheiridion: technicum ad memoriam acuendam in re medica', written not earlier than November 1761, 98 folios. The MS is probably a first draft of Physiologia: or the doctrine of nature, where substantial portions of the present treatise are repeated without alteration. The author's bookplate is inside the front cover and his printed stamp is impressed on page 1.