Henderson was born in India 7 August 1891 and was educated at Oundle School. He joined the Royal Navy as an Assistant Clerk in 1909. He first served in HMS Terrible and was in HMS Barham at the Battle of Jutland. In 1927 he was appointed Secretary to Rear-Admiral Tomkinson, the Chief of Staff to Admiral Sir Roger Keyes, Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet. He was promoted to Commander in 1930. In 1933 Paymaster-Commander Henderson returned to general pay and supply duties and was appointed Paymaster to the R.F.A. Hospital Ship Maine. From 1934 onwards his career was interrupted by periods of ill health but he served at shore-establishments at Portland, Hong Kong and in the aircraft-carrier Furious. In 1939 he served as Paymaster-Commander of HMS Rodney but due to ill-health was placed on the Retired List with the rank of Captain in 1941. He was immediately re-employed in that rank in various shore-establishments. In 1944 he served on the Inter-Services Committee under Ernest Bevin, Minister of Labour. He set up the Navy's first Demobilisation Centre at Portsmouth, and left the navy in 1946. Henderson died 5 October 1966.