Bursars' accounts under the Founder's statutes, and members' allowances, 1455 - 1898
Scope and Contents
Before 1862, the audited accounts were combinations of:
- Dues and arrears, also called rent[al]s and arrears, and arreragia. These list, for each bursar, the annual rents payable (rents are paid at the end of period of usage, i.e. in arrears) for which that bursar is responsible, and sometimes the detriments due from members (see below). The rents are money, corn rents or other manorial payments. The sheets labelled ‘An account of all monies which accrued due the College in the [#] bursar's office before or on the 10th October [year]’ usually include the previous unpaid arrears and are sometimes also labelled dues. The income is listed according to each estate. Sheets labelled ‘Arrears in the [#] bursar’s department to the 10th October [year] inclusive’ is usually just the rents due that year, only occasionally mentioning past arrears unpaid, and is sometimes also labelled arrears. Tenants are occasionally named individually. These sheets often contain the price of corn each year. There is little continuity as to which bursar is responsible for any given manor from year to year.
- Audit papers. These list, sometimes for each bursar, 'Receptiones' which comprise the total arreragia/arrears, rents of the year, Fines p[ro] Introitu, Fines Cust[umar], Vend[itio] Sylv[is], sometimes Recept[iones] Forinseca and Cizat followed by Summa Receptorum, Debent Bursarii at last audit, Summa Allocatorum, and Debent Bursarii this audit. Another sheet lists the allocation to each bursar of the community costs which are Resolutio Redditus, Pensiones et Vadia, [Solutiones] pro Comm[ons], Focalia, Exequiis, pro Liberaturis, Custus Ecclesiae, Custus Equitant, Custus Stabuli, Expensae Necessarie, Feoda et Regarda, Repar[ationes] apud Cantab, Repar[ationes] [Novi] Templi, Solut[iones] E Pyxide, Solut[iones] p[ro] Sylvis, and De Residua Parte. The audit papers are usually dated sometime in November.
- Onus and exoneratio. Under onus is listed the total amount due from that bursar at the end of audit the previous year, the total receipts of this year in cash or otherwise that he collected on behalf of the College, and sometimes one or two other payments received by that bursar on behalf of the College; under exoneratio are the disbursements he paid as well as any other funds he is due from the College; the difference is what that Bursar owes the College at the end of this year’s audit. The difference between onus and exoneratio, and post clausum accounts is not clear-cut. The only time they appear as two different document types are in the KCAR/4/1/18 books.
- Post clausum, also called post clause accounts. Like onus and exoneratio papers, these list each bursar's accounts, but in more detail. They sometimes list the Foundation members and estates for which each bursar was responsible, and/or the categories of payment (Resolutio Redditus, Emptiones, Liberaturis, and other categories as listed on the quaternium papers) for which he was responsible.
Member-based allowances and accounts comprise the following types of documents:
- Detriments. Also called arrears for/of detriments, arrears for commons and detriments, or commons and detriments, listing the money owed by members to the College through that bursar's office.
- Solutiones summary. These list each Fellow, Scholar, conduct, lay clerk, Officer and servant on the Foundation, with payments under the headings Sept [weeks in residence], Allocat[iones], Cizac[iones], Rem[a]n[e]t, Cizac[iones] et Punit[iones], [pro] Vadiis, Exequiis, Sol[utiones] Extra[ordinar] & E Pyxide, and Coll[ege] Deb[t]. There is often a signature [of the man who collected the money, sometimes on the recipient's behalf]. On another page are listed Solutiones Extraordinar for that bursar: pro Comm[unis], Expensae Necessariae and Feoda et Regarda.
- Billa Expensarum. These list summary expenses on ‘pane & potu’ (food and drink) and Emptions each week. Each Fellow is then listed with a ‘detriment’. For example the amount spent each week on food and other expenses is listed under headings such as Bovina, Ovina, Sal Albo, Salt Fish, Lings, Carbon, Sea Coals, Turfs, Sedge, Pane, Potu, Candles, Empc[i]on[es], and [Total] Expent. Sometimes also listed are Cizations and Punitions.
- Allocationes. Each sheet lists all the Fellows and Scholars. Next to each name, in columns headed '1 Sept' to '13 Sept' for the weeks in that quarter, are indicated the residence of that individual and the total [allowance for commons] is given at the end of each row.
- Cizationes et Punitiones. Each sheet lists all the Fellows and Scholars, and sometimes also the capellanis [lay clerks], and clericis [priests]. Sometimes several names are listed separately under 'Cizationes et Punitiones' (for example Mr Jones was 'cized for coals' in 1706). Next to each name, in columns headed '1 Sept' to '13 Sept' for the weeks in that quarter, are the total costs incurred by that individual in that week, and owing to the College.
- Cizing bill balance sheet. Lists the amounts due from members of the foundation for 'loco pan et pot' (College food and drink), termly. Members are grouped by how many weeks they were present in College/how much they owe.
- Pensiones et Vadia. These list the Fellows and Scholars, conducts, lay clerks, and Officers with the amount owing each member, including for any services he performs (such as bursarial duties). One sheet per term.
- Solutiones pro Exequiis. These list payments made to each Fellow in association with the commemoration of the Founder and benefactors (Founder's obit), and to the chaplains, choristers (not listed separately) and lay clerk(s) (listed separately) in some years.
- Solutiones E Pixide. Also called Sealings Money. These list payments to each of certain Fellows, from monies received for applying the College seal to official documents. In the beginning these were 5 shilling payments to each of certain Fellows, whose names are listed. 'Sealings money' are lists of the amount applicable to each estate, and for each Fellow listed are moneys under the headings 'Sealing Money', 'Loco Feast Money', 'Total', and 'Solut', and a signature [of the receiver]. The amount paid depends on whether the individual is a Senior, MA, BA or Junior. Accounts are usually rendered in late November or early December, with a few instances of further renderings during the year. Usually the responsibility of the First Bursar.
- Dividends. College income was divided amongst the Fellows, Scholars, and sometimes also the conduct and the organist. The amount due each depended upon his seniority.
- Quarter bills and Commons. These are the responsibility of the Second, subsequently Home Bursar. Quarter bills are summary accounts payable to each member each term. They list the Fellows, Scholars, lay clerks, servants, and pensioners, and next to each name are any monies due him under the headings Quarterly [pay], Pro Ordine Presbyt[eris], E Pyx[ide], Pro Exequiis, College Extra, Pro Liberat[uris], Scholars, Remanet brought from Commons, and Commons, Prizes, College Officers etc., Lecturers, Choir, Servant's Wages, Provost's Servants, Pensioners, and the name of [the recipient's bank]. Except for the Christmas quarter, the quarter bills enclose commons accounts. Commons are expenses allowed to Fellows and Scholars for food. Each sheet lists the Fellows and Scholars, each one's allowance during each week of that term, the number of weeks in residence, commons had from Buttery, allowance for Commons, and the balance ('Remanet') carried to quarterly accounts. There is a summary by week for [the amount owing the] 'Butler' and 'Cook' which includes an entry for choristers.
Annual or semi-annual regular payments to each Fellow and/or member include
- Dr Vintner's Legacy. A list of 50 junior Fellows who received about £1 each.
- Feast Bill and Feast Money. Each member of the foundation (choristers and servants are not listed separately) is given money for each of 8 feast days [for which he attended services]. A signature [of the receiver] is often present.
- Solutiones pro Liberaturis. Each Fellow, scholar, clerk and servant is allocated money for livery, i.e. clothing. A signature [of the receiver] is often present.
Except the Quarter bills and Commons, the member-based accounts are filed in unpredictable combinations. For example to find all the Allocationes papers, one must look not only in the Allocationes section below but also in the Combinations section.
Dates
- Creation: 1455 - 1898
Conditions Governing Access
ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED YEARS OLD MAY BE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS. ASK THE ARCHIVISTS FOR MORE INFORMATION.
Language of Materials
English
Other Finding Aids
A table which gives the reference code for each particular account document type, for each year for which that type of document exists, is available in hardcopy in the reading room or as an Excel spreadsheet from the archivist.
Physical Description
paper and parchment
Finding aid date
2004-03-25 14:41:12+00:00
Repository Details
Part of the Archive Centre, King's College, Cambridge Repository
Archivist
King's College
Cambridge CB2 1ST United Kingdom
+44 (0)1223 331444
archivist@kings.cam.ac.uk