The collection contains a wide range of correspondence and papers relating to the Gambia, Kenya, Kilwa [Kilwa Sultanate] and Pemba, Tanganyika [i.e. Tanzania], Uganda, Zanzibar, West Africa, and other parts of the continent. Some of the topics covered are ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples, languages, the slave trade, the Portuguese colonization in Africa, and archaeology. There are articles by J. Schacht, Emin Pasha, Gervase Mathew, M. Posnansky, and others on Africa, as well as publications by Gray himself. Some of these pieces are found in 'Tanganyika Notes and Records' and the 'Uganda Journal', and there are press cuttings and offprints from these and other African newspapers and journals. The collection also includes the diaries of A.J.M. Jephson, 1888-1889; correspondence of David Livingstone, Colonel Gordon, Emin Pasha, and others; papers concerning the Christian Missionary Society and other missionary work; papers relating to Cambridge; testimonials, certificates, etc.; Gray's personal correspondence; and Emin Pasha's diaries and papers. The collection is uncatalogue but a box list is available on request.