Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916), 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome, was born on 24 June 1850 at Crotter House, Ballylongford, co. Kerry. He attended the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, and received a commission in the Royal Engineers in 1871. Kitchener was made second-in-command of the Egyptian cavalry in 1882, and Governor-General of Eastern Sudan in 1886. He was appointed Adjutant-General of the Egyptian Army in 1888, and helped to defeat the dervishes at Toska in 1889. During 1892-1896 Kitchener prepared the Egyptian army for the conquest of Sudan. He became Governor-General of Sudan in 1899, and completed the pacification of the country. In 1899 he was appointed Chief of Staff to Lord Roberts in South Africa. He was Commander-in-Chief against the Boers, 1900-1902. Kitchener was Commander-in-Chief in India, 1902-1909, and the British agent and Consul-General in Egypt, 1911. He became Secretary of State for War in 1914. He died in June 1916 following the sinking of H.M.S. 'Hampshire' off the Orkneys.